Nanotechnology.
A basic definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering
of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current
work and concepts that are more advanced. In more easier sense,
'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from
the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make
complete, high performance products.

Generations of nanotechnology
Mihail (Mike) Roco of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative has
described
four generations of nanotechnology development
(see chart below). The current era, as Roco depicts it, is that of passive
nanostructures, materials designed to perform one task. The second phase, which
we are just entering, introduces active nanostructures for multitasking; for
example, actuators, drug delivery devices, and sensors. The third generation is
expected to begin emerging around 2010 and will feature nanosystems with
thousands of interacting components. A few years after that, the first
integrated nanosystems, functioning (according to Roco) much like a mammalian
cell with hierarchical systems within systems, are expected to be developed.
General-Purpose.
Nanotechnology is sometimes referred to as a general purpose
technology. That's because in its advanced form it will have significant impact
on almost all industries and all areas of society. It will offer better built,
longer lasting, cleaner, safer, and smarter products for the home,
for communications, for medicine, for transportation, for agriculture, and
for industry in general.
“ Imagine a medical device that travels through the human body to seek out
and destroy small clusters of cancerous cells before they can spread. Or a box
no larger than a sugar cube that contains the entire contents of the Library of
Congress. Or materials much lighter than steel that possess ten times as much
strength.” — U.S. National Science Foundation. In future it will be
possible to use some nanotech organisms to remove destructive cells from inside
of our body.
Semantic web:
The Semantic Web is a collaborative movement led by the international
standards body, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The standard promotes
common data formats on the World Wide Web. By encouraging the inclusion of
semantic content in web pages, the Semantic Web aims at converting the current
web dominated by unstructured and semi-structured documents into a "web of
data". The Semantic Web stack builds on the W3C's Resource Description
Framework (RDF).
Aims
The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current
Web by enabling users to find, share, and combine information more easily.
Humans are capable of using the Web to carry out tasks such as finding the
Estonian translation for "twelve months", reserving a library book,
and searching for the lowest price for a DVD. However, machines cannot accomplish
all of these tasks without human direction, because web pages are designed to
be read by people, not machines. The semantic web is a vision of information
that can be readily interpreted by machines, so machines can perform more of
the tedious work involved in finding, combining, and acting upon information on
the web.
Grid computing
Grid computing is the federation of computer resources from multiple
locations to reach a common goal. The grid can be thought of as a distributed
system with non-interactive workloads that involve a large number of files.
What distinguishes grid computing from conventional high performance computing
systems such as cluster computing is that grids tend to be more loosely
coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed. Although a single grid can
be dedicated to a particular application, commonly a grid is used for a variety
of purposes. Grids are often constructed with general-purpose grid middle-ware
software libraries.
Quantum Computing:
A quantum computer is a computation device that makes direct use of quantum
mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform
operations on data. Quantum computers are different from digital computers
based on transistors. Whereas digital computers require data to be encoded into
binary digits (bits), quantum computation uses quantum properties to represent
data and perform operations on these data. I could not understand more than
this basic idea of quantum computing so this is it.
Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_technologies
http://forumblog.org/2013/02/top-10-emerging-technologies-for-2013/
https://www.google.com.my/search?q=aim+semantic+web&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a